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Coal Gasifier
Gasifier refers to a reactor used to produce coal gas, water gas and semi-water gas. The furnace body is cylindrical, the outer shell is made of steel plate or brick, the inner lining is refractory brick, and it is equipped with charging equipment, blast pipes and gas pipes.
Coal gasification is a technology that uses carbon-containing materials such as coal or coke as raw materials, air and water vapor as gasifiers, and gasifies in a fixed-bed gasifier at normal pressure to obtain combustible gas. The main components of the generated gas are carbon monoxide, hydrogen, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide. The combustible components are carbon monoxide and hydrogen. Because it contains a large amount of inert component nitrogen, the calorific value of the gas is not high, and the lower calorific value is about 6 MJ/Nm3.
There are two types of gasification technology for gasifiers: cold gas and hot gas. Different fuel gases can be selected according to the properties of the products. Hot gas can be used to heat products that do not require fuel cleanliness; for products that require fuel cleanliness, the gas produced can be purified into clean cold gas. The dust content and harmful components (such as H2S) of cold gas are very low and will not pollute the products, so open flame burning can be used. Traditional coal combustion is not easy to control the temperature of the kiln, and the temperature often cannot be raised or lowered. When using cold gas and hot gas to heat products, such as adjusting the kiln temperature, you only need to adjust the opening of the gas valve and the air valve, which is very simple and has a very obvious effect on improving product quality, improving product production processes, and improving working conditions and environmental hygiene.
Producer gas is generated by mixing water vapor and air to form a gasifying agent and then flowing through a hot fixed combustion bed. The oxygen and water vapor contained in the air react with the carbon in the fuel to generate a producer gas containing CO, CO2, H2, CH4, N2 and other components. The steam mixed with air improves the thermal efficiency and reduces the temperature of the combustion bed, thereby controlling the formation of the molten block.
The reaction of steam and carbon is an endothermic reaction: C+H2O=CO+H2-Q (Q is heat, the same below) When oxygen and carbon react, heat is released: 2C+O2=2CO+Q The temperature of the combustion bed depends on the saturation temperature of the gasifying agent, the particle size and type of the fuel and the furnace type of the generator. The temperature of the combustion bed is very important because it determines the composition of the producer gas for a given fuel and furnace type: a large amount of combustible gas can be produced at high temperatures.
After passing through the reduction zone, some coal gas is extracted and flows through the bottom cyclone dust collector and forced air cooler. This coal gas is called “bottom coal gas” and its temperature is about 400°C. In the retorting layer, the fuel fed into the generator is dried, preheated and carbonized in sequence. The generated steam, tar mist and coal gas leave the generator from the top together. This part of coal gas is called “top coal gas” and its temperature is maintained at about 120°C.
The gasifier has significant advantages. First, it adopts a full water jacket design, which can efficiently generate steam, maintain stable pressure, and help generate gas. This design makes the steam generated by the furnace not only sufficient for self-use, but also meets the demand for hot water, greatly improving the utilization rate of energy.
Secondly, the furnace structure is sturdy and durable. The main lining is made of 16mm boiler steel plate, and the outer lining is made of 12mm ordinary steel plate. This material combination makes the furnace have excellent oxidation resistance, corrosion resistance and high temperature resistance, which significantly extends its service life.
In terms of fuel distribution, the gasifier is equipped with an adjustable coal distributor baffle and a conical coal distributor device to ensure the uniform distribution of coal, avoid the problem of flaming and biasing the furnace, and thus improve the gasification efficiency. The five-layer tower-shaped pentagonal grate is made of cast steel material, with a reasonable design, so that the gasifier is evenly distributed, the carbon content of the slag is reduced, and the material layer in the furnace is stable.
In terms of safety, the ash pan part adopts a worm and worm gear transmission device, and high-strength cast steel is selected to enhance the stability and durability of the transmission part. The cyclone dust collector with isolation water seal can increase the water seal height when the power is off and the furnace is stopped, prevent gas leakage, ensure pressure-free operation, and effectively prevent the risk of flashback explosion.
Finally, the company also provides training services for user operators to ensure that users can not only achieve the best effect from an environmental protection perspective, but also be fully guaranteed in terms of economic benefits during use. Such a full range of services undoubtedly increases the overall value of the gas generator.
| SINGLE STAGE COAL GASIFIER SPECFICATION | ||||||||||
| Specifictions | XY-1.5 | XY-2.0 | XY-2.4 | XY-2.6 | XY-3.0 | XY-3.2 | XY-3.4 | XY-3.6 | XY-4.0 | |
| I.D. of chamber（mm） | 1500 | 2000 | 2400 | 2600 | 3000 | 3200 | 3400 | 3600 | 4000 | |
| Gasification area （㎡） | 1.77 | 3.14 | 4.52 | 5.31 | 7.07 | 8.04 | 9.07 | 10.17 | 12.56 | |
| Coal layer（mm） | 1000 | 1000 | 1000 | 1000 | 1000 | 1000 | 1000 | 1000 | 1000 | |
| Oxidizing layer （mm） | 100～300 | 100～300 | 100～300 | 100～300 | 100～300 | 100～300 | 100～300 | 100～300 | 100～300 | |
| Ash layer（mm） | 100～300 | 100～300 | 100～300 | 100～300 | 100～300 | 100～300 | 100～300 | 100～300 | 100～300 | |
| Applicable coal | Non-caking or Weak-caking Bituminous, Anthracite coal or coke. Coal quality should meet the requirements of GB-9143 | |||||||||
| Coal size（mm） | 20～40,25～50,30～60，40～80，50～100 | |||||||||
| Coal consumption（kg/h） | Lower limit | 389 | 691 | 995 | 1167 | 1554 | 1768 | 1996 | 2238 | 2763 |
| Upper limit | 495 | 879 | 1266 | 1486 | 1978 | 2251 | 2541 | 2849 | 3517 | |
| Gasifying agent | Air+Steam | |||||||||
| Air consumption(m³/kg) | 2.2～2.8(Based on the carbon content of coal） | |||||||||
| Steam consumption(m³/kg) | 0.3～0.5(Based on the carbon content of coal） | |||||||||
| Gas output(Nm³/h) | Lower limit | 1166 | 2072 | 2984 | 3502 | 4663 | 5305 | 5989 | 6715 | 8290 |
| Upper limit | 1484 | 2638 | 3798 | 4458 | 5935 | 6752 | 7623 | 8546 | 10550 | |
| Net heating value(KJ/Nm³) | 5020～6060 | 5020～6060 | 5020～6060 | 5020～6060 | 5020～6060 | 5020～6060 | 5020～6060 | 5020～ 6060 | 5020～ 6060 | |
| Gas pressure(Pa) | <980 | <980 | <980 | <1500 | <1500 | <1500 | <1500 | <1500 | <1500 | |
| Gas temperature(℃) | 400～550 | 400～550 | 400～550 | 400～550 | 400～550 | 400～550 | 400～550 | 400～550 | 400～550 | |
| Max. blast pressure(Pa) | 3000 | 3000 | 3000 | 3000 | 4000 | 4000 | 4000 | 4000 | 4000 | |
| Saturated temperature(℃) | 50～65 | |||||||||
| Poking hole steam seal pressure(KPa) | <250 | <250 | <250 | <250 | <250 | <250 | <250 | <250 | <250 | |
| Steam products（kg/h） | 250～300 | 300～350 | 450～500 | 500～550 | 500～600 | 550～650 | 600～700 | 600～700 | 600～700 | |
| Inner steam pressure (KPa) | <250 | <250 | <250 | <250 | <250 | <250 | <250 | <250 | <250 | |
| Ash tray speed(r/h) | 2.76 | 2.23 | 2 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 1.7 | |
| Ash tray driving power(kw) | 2.2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 5.5 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 15 | |
| Coal hoister motor power(kw) | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.2 | |
| Discharging ash mode | Automatically wet discharging ash | |||||||||
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